Updated Free Trade Agreement Between China and Peru Enters into Force

A representative from Brazil told the publication Lusa that the free trade agreement between Mercosur and Canada could transform economic ties between Brazil and Canada, opening up new investment opportunities.

Igor Brandan, Director of Operations for ApexBrasil's North America agency, emphasized that this agreement could alter the level of relations between Brazil and Canada, as well as all other members of the Mercosur bloc, but especially for Brazil.

In statements made to Lusa during the 19th Doing Business in Brazil conference in Toronto on Tuesday, he noted that trade negotiations could strengthen cooperation in sectors such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, aviation, and processed goods.

He explained that the main obstacle is the negotiation timeline. Despite 10 rounds of discussions, there are still chapters that need to be discussed and finalized. According to Igor Brandan, the agreement will primarily benefit high value-added sectors, allowing Brazilian exports to diversify beyond raw materials.

"We understand that in the drug chain, for example, in the production of processed foods, these will be the sectors that benefit, and this can create a new profile of trade between Brazil and Canada," he added. The representative also highlighted the complementarity of the two economies, citing Canadian fertilizer production and the scale of the Brazilian agricultural sector as examples of cooperation opportunities.

Furthermore, economic convergence could benefit the aerospace industry and critical minerals. He recalled that Brazil possesses the second-largest reserve of rare earth elements, which has enormous potential in the context of the energy transition agenda and the green economy. Igor Brandan also pointed to Canadian expertise in mining, believing that technological cooperation and knowledge exchange can foster long-term strategic partnerships.

According to data from the Brazil-Canada Chamber of Commerce, bilateral trade reached approximately 10.4 billion North American dollars (9.3 billion euros) in 2025. Of this amount, $7.25 billion (6.5 billion euros) was attributed to Brazilian exports, and $3.14 billion (2.8 billion euros) to imports from Canada. According to Igor Brandan's estimates, accumulated Canadian investments in the Brazilian economy amounted to about 33 billion euros by the end of 2025.

Despite these figures, the representative believes there is significant potential to increase trade volume, given the size of both economies. Igor Brandan insisted on the necessity of developing long-term economic relations between Brazil and Canada, regardless of political changes in Washington, Ottawa, or Brasília. He justified this by stating that both countries possess complementary economic interests and characteristics.

ApexBrasil plans to conduct three more trade missions in Toronto and Montreal before the end of the year, which will include companies from the mining, food, audiovisual, and creative economy sectors. He confirmed that no new agreements were announced at the conference, but contacts strengthened Canadian investors' confidence in the Brazilian market.

Peter Hawkins, co-chairman of the Brazil-Canada Chamber of Commerce, called the protection of competing economic sectors one of the main obstacles in trade negotiations between Canada and Mercosur. "We both produce meat and steel, and there is a concern that one market might harm the other," he told Lusa, referencing concerns from meat producers in Alberta province, Canada, regarding the import of Brazilian products.

Nevertheless, Hawkins argued that differences in products and technologies used could promote the complementarity of the two economies rather than increasing competition. In Peter Hawkins' opinion, more than half of the discussed items have been resolved, although important issues remain to be concluded. He noted: "If there is an opportunity to conclude a free trade agreement, we can exponentially increase trade volume," acknowledging the potential to generate an additional 6.2 billion euros in business. The businessman also highlighted the connections established between technology companies and representatives of the agricultural sector during the conference, as well as the preparation of new business missions in the coming months. Planned events include a mission of Canadian entrepreneurs and executives to Florianópolis and São Paulo, as well as contacts in the apparel, animation, and food sectors.

The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and New Zealand, which was signed on April 27, entered into force on Tuesday. It grants Indian goods, including products from labor-intensive sectors such as textiles and leather, duty-free access.

This is the seventh trade agreement to enter into force in the last five years. Previous agreements were concluded with the UAE, Mauritius, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the United Kingdom, Oman, and Australia. This agreement marks India's seventeenth active FTA.

Although negotiations began in 2010, were suspended in 2015, and resumed in March 2025, its entry into force signifies a new stage of cooperation.

Experts note that sectors such as textiles and apparel, leather and footwear, engineering goods and auto components, precious stones and jewelry, agriculture and processed foods, pharmaceuticals, and other manufacturing sectors benefit from this FTA.

Gulzar Didwanya, a partner at Deloitte India, predicts that this deal should stimulate an increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India, although the scale of such growth remains uncertain and will depend on private sector investment decisions. Meanwhile, New Zealand has already invested $20 billion over more than 15 years.

He emphasized that the FTA provisions on duty-free access to certain raw materials, bilateral cumulation, simplification of customs procedures, and investment promotion mechanisms can contribute to deepening value chain integration and improving investment conditions. Furthermore, he noted that the agreement has significance beyond trade, as it strengthens India's strategic position in the Indo-Pacific region and expands its network of FTAs with developed economies.

Against the backdrop of growing global trade uncertainty, the FTA between India and New Zealand serves as a strong affirmation of open market principles and predictable trade rules. The ambitious goal of doubling bilateral trade by 2030 sets a high benchmark for both countries.

This FTA holds particular value because it covers not only goods but also services, investments, skills, and mobility, opening up new opportunities for Indian professionals and businesses. Since 100 percent of Indian exports receive duty-free access to New Zealand from day one, the agreement gives Indian exporters a significant competitive advantage, especially SMEs in the textile, leather, footwear, and engineering goods sectors.

Shishir Priyadarshi, President of the economic analysis center Chintan Research Foundation (CRF India), also stated that in the context of global trade instability, the FTA is a powerful confirmation of market openness. He agreed that the value of the agreement lies in its coverage of services, investments, skills, and mobility, creating new opportunities for Indian professionals and businesses.

Trade expert and Chairman of Hi-Tech Gears, Deep Kapuria, noted that the introduction of the FTA with New Zealand completes India's acquisition of preferential market access in all major Asia-Pacific countries. He added that New Zealand is a very open economy, and India has brilliantly structured this deal by ensuring access to new services such as Ayurveda, yoga instructors, and student mobility, including post-study work visas.

In 2025–26, bilateral trade volume decreased by approximately 11 percent, amounting to $1.15 billion compared to $1.3 billion in the previous fiscal year. India's exports reached $566.51 million, while imports amounted to $589.1 million, resulting in a small trade deficit for India of $22.59 million.

Rani Singh, of New Zealand Indian descent, believes that this deal is an important step forward for both countries, as it aims not only at trade but also at bringing the two nations closer, creating opportunities for people and businesses, and building stronger relationships in the future. She emphasized that thanks to duty-free access to all product lines for India in New Zealand from day one, Indian businesses can become more competitive in this market. Singh also added that the benefits are not limited to goods, as there is potential for greater cooperation in education, tourism, technology, professional services, and investment, which can strengthen ties through providing greater opportunities for skilled professionals and youth.

A new trade route has opened up between India and New Zealand. The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the two countries will come into effect on October 20, 2026. Under the terms of this agreement, New Zealand will abolish import duties on Indian goods. This will make items such as clothing, footwear, leather goods, medicines, and engineering products manufactured in India cheaper in New Zealand compared to the previous period.

In turn, India will also provide preferential treatment on import duties for a range of goods from New Zealand. It is expected that this agreement will promote an increase in trade turnover between the two nations. The significance of this treaty extends beyond just companies and traders; it also includes provisions on employment opportunities for Indian specialists in New Zealand, visas for skilled labor, and cooperation in the agricultural sector.

Indian exporters are expected to benefit the most from this agreement. Previously, an import duty of up to 10% was levied on some Indian goods sold in New Zealand. After the free trade agreement comes into force, products marked 'Made in India' will gain access to the New Zealand market without paying tariffs.

Thus, most goods exported from India after the agreement takes effect will be able to enter New Zealand without customs charges. This will simplify the process of selling products by Indian companies in New Zealand. Furthermore, they may gain a price advantage over exporters from other countries whose products are subject to various levies.

India's Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, stated that thanks to the free trade agreement, zero import duty will be applied in New Zealand to products from labor-intensive industries such as leather, footwear, clothing, and textiles. He also specified that sensitive sectors, including dairy products, onions, chickpeas, peas, corn, almonds, artificial honey, and sugar, are excluded from the scope of this trade agreement.

Clothing and Textiles: Indian apparel and finished goods can be sold in New Zealand at more competitive prices.

Leather and Footwear: Tariff elimination may reduce production costs for Indian enterprises.

Medicines and Engineering Goods: Export opportunities in pharmaceuticals, mechanical engineering, and engineering products may increase.

Food Products: Products such as fruits and vegetables, tea, coffee, spices, grains, and processed foods may also gain better market access.

Seafood, Plastics, and Rubber: Exporters from these sectors are also expected to benefit from tariff-free market access.

The government aims to achieve a trade volume of approximately 7 billion New Zealand dollars, equivalent to about 35,000 crore rupees, between India and New Zealand by 2030. Currently, the trade turnover between the two countries is about 2.4 billion US dollars.

Under this agreement, India will also provide preferential treatment on import duties for a range of goods from New Zealand. This could lead to a reduction in import costs for certain goods from New Zealand in India. However, this does not mean that prices for all goods will immediately drop. New Zealand will also provide special import regimes for certain products, such as apples, kiwis, manuka honey, and albumin, for India. These goods will be subject to quota conditions based on tariffs, as well as other restrictions, including minimum import prices and protective measures.

Apples and kiwis are major products from New Zealand entering India. While tariff reductions may decrease import costs, the actual price reduction will depend on import volume, quotas, transportation costs, demand, and retailer margins.

Manuka honey from New Zealand is also included in this agreement. Tariff reductions may lower its import costs, which in turn could lead to a decrease in the price of this product in the Indian market compared to the past.

India has not fully opened its doors to all goods from New Zealand. Under the agreement, India provides tariff concessions on approximately 70% of categories, accounting for about 95% of current bilateral trade. Meanwhile, about 29.97% of tariff lines remain outside the scope of the FTA. According to New Zealand's Minister of Trade and Investment, Todd McClay, upon full entry into force of the agreement, about 95% of New Zealand's current exports could benefit from the abolition or significant reduction of tariffs. India's large consumer market could create new opportunities for New Zealand businesses.

One of the issues that arises when concluding free trade agreements with any country is the risk of harming local producers due to the cheapening of imported goods. Considering this, India has excluded its sensitive sectors from the scope of the free trade agreement with New Zealand. These sectors include dairy products such as milk, cream, whey, yogurt, and cheese. Agricultural crops such as onions, chickpeas, peas, corn, and almonds, as well as sugar, artificial honey, various animal products, fats, and oils, are also excluded from the list.