Due to shortages of land and water, novice farmers are increasingly turning to innovations in hydroponics. In the 'Farmer Mentor' segment, engineer-entrepreneur Mogale Mokale shares practical advice on how to start small, acquire technical skills, and gain market access.
Mogale Mokale, founder of AB Farms, applies engineering knowledge and hydroponic technology to help farmers maximize limited resources, increase production levels, and explore new markets.
Hydroponics can serve as an alternative method for growing fresh produce for farmers who face limited access to land, water, and reliable electricity. However, Mokale emphasizes that implementing this technology requires careful planning, patience, and a willingness to learn.
Mokale, a graduate of mechanical engineering from the University of Johannesburg, became interested in agriculture while researching urban farming in Gauteng in 2016. His research highlighted the difficulties faced by urban farmers, particularly limited growing space and water scarcity.
Realizing the potential to overcome these limitations with technology, he began studying hydroponics—a method of growing plants without soil using nutrient-based water solutions. He noted: 'I thought there had to be some technological solution around the problem of insufficient accessible space, as well as insufficient water.'
After studying existing systems, Mokale designed a hydroponic solution adaptable to South African conditions, including areas with unreliable power supply. Today, AB Farms designs, manufactures, and installs hydroponic systems for small and medium-sized farms, while also growing and selling vegetables using its proprietary technology.
It is no surprise that Mokale was named a finalist for the 'Gauteng Young Farmer of the Year' award this year.
Hydroponics allows farmers to produce more food on smaller plots by using water more efficiently through recirculation. These systems can also be installed in locations where traditional cultivation is difficult, such as on rooftops or on land with less fertile soil.
Mokale believes this makes the technology particularly relevant for farmers who cannot easily expand their land holdings. He observes: 'If you think about Gauteng, we are already a small province overall, so we won't get more land.'
Among the crops farmers can consider are leafy greens such as spinach, mangold, and lettuce, as well as herbs and microgreens grown using hydroponic systems. Other suitable options include tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers.
Growing under infrastructure also helps farmers manage certain weather-related risks and maintain yields amid climate change. Nevertheless, Mokale warns that hydroponics is not a quick path to profitability; he advises farmers to understand the technology and its financial implications before making large investments.
For farmers interested in adopting hydroponics, Mokale recommends starting with a small system to gain practical experience and gradually scaling up as knowledge and confidence grow. He acknowledges that hydroponics is more technical than traditional farming and requires open-mindedness, patience, and a desire to experiment.
Farmers should also have realistic expectations regarding the return on investment. Benefits may not appear immediately, and production alone does not guarantee a viable business.
Market access is another crucial aspect. AB Farms supplies products to processing companies that serve restaurants and hotels, independent retailers, and the Johannesburg fresh produce market. Mokale urges farmers to engage with potential buyers at local markets and determine demand for their produce before increasing production volumes.
In addition to providing technology and growing produce, AB Farms uses its farm as a demonstration, research, and training site. This allows farmers to see the systems in operation, learn how to use them, and gain hands-on experience.
Mokale is convinced that collaboration and skill development are essential for strengthening the agricultural sector, especially among small producers who may struggle with independent access to resources and markets. He asserts: 'We work better as farmers when we collaborate,' adding that sharing knowledge across different agricultural sectors, markets, and provinces can help mitigate risks and improve outcomes.
His message to young and novice farmers is to prepare for a challenging journey. Establishing an agricultural enterprise takes time, and issues such as weather, production, and market access can slow progress. He concludes: 'Perseverance and patience are what will help a great deal.'