The act of chewing in dogs, which was long viewed as a mere whim or typical behavior, is being reevaluated by science as an essential biological need, comparable to sleeping or eating.
Researchers point out that even if a dog feels satiated after eating, there is an intrinsic motivation to chew, which has remained intact since thousands of years of evolution.
From an evolutionary perspective, this need makes sense because dog ancestors needed to hunt their own prey. Although domestication has modified jaw size and digestion to process starch, the instincts to bite, chew, and tear have been preserved in their nature.
In 2025, a systematic review conducted by a team from the University of Sydney's Faculty of Veterinary Science identified ten functional advantages of canine chewing. Among these, promoting digestive health and oral hygiene stand out. Surprisingly, the act of chewing also has a calming effect.
Biochemically, chewing is proven to decrease levels of cortisol, the hormone associated with stress, especially during periods of prolonged tension. Additionally, studies have shown that it contributes positively to cognitive performance and improves working memory in anxious dogs. Thus, providing adequate opportunities to chew is not a luxury, but rather meeting a biological requirement.
Ideal options for chewing vary according to factors such as age, physical size, jaw strength, and the animal's individual preferences. A frequently used vegetable alternative is frozen carrot, which is particularly beneficial for puppies teething, as the cold helps reduce gum inflammation and its texture appeals to the puppy. Adults can also consume carrots, either cold or at room temperature, provided that the food is removed when it softens or when a piece remains that could be swallowed whole.
Regarding commercially designed chewing toys, there is a vast range available, with specific recommendations listed on the packaging. The general guideline is that these toys must be large enough to prevent the dog from swallowing them whole.
It is crucial to warn against using park branches; veterinary literature warns that they can cause severe oropharyngeal injuries due to the risk of splinters. Similarly, cooked bones, whether from chicken or other species, are discouraged.
To ensure safety, it is essential to consult a trusted veterinarian and use common sense when choosing a toy. Furthermore, the dog must always remain under supervision while chewing, regardless of the material used.
It is concluded that the canine behavior of chewing transcends simple purposeless destruction; it represents one of the oldest and deepest ways the dog uses to interact with the world, calm down, and explore, fulfilling its nature. By providing the appropriate toy, one demonstrates care and understanding of the animal's needs.