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The Function of Turbo-Fans on Factory Roofs: Operating Principle and Purpose
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Aaj Tak
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The Function of Turbo-Fans on Factory Roofs: Operating Principle and Purpose

When looking at the roof of any large warehouse or factory, one can often notice a rotating metal object. Questions arise about its purpose: is it a fan, is an engine installed in it, and how can it rotate without being connected to the electrical grid?

In fact, this rotating element is called a turbo-fan or wind turbine fan. Its task is not to cool the premises like a regular fan, but to help expel hot and stagnant air from the workshop or warehouse.

The question of rotation mechanism without an electric motor is resolved by the fact that it is driven by the wind. The turbo-fan has curved blades. When external air moves, these blades capture the flow, and the entire fan begins to rotate. Thus, no electric switch is required for its operation; wind energy serves as its fuel. The stronger the wind, the faster the fan generally rotates.

The main work begins after rotation starts. Since machines and people operate inside factories and warehouses, heat is generated, which causes the air to heat up. Hot air, being lighter, rises upwards and accumulates near the roof. This is where the turbo-fan comes into play, helping to expel this heated air outside. When hot and stagnant air leaves the building, it creates an opportunity for fresh air to enter from the outside, which improves air circulation inside the building.

It is important to understand that a turbo-fan is not an air conditioner. Its function is not to cool the air, but to improve ventilation by removing hot and stagnant air. For this reason, such devices are installed on the roofs of large production facilities, warehouses, workshops, and other industrial buildings.

Another question concerns why water during rain does not fill the open fan. The design of such a fan is engineered to ensure air exit while minimizing the probability of direct rainwater ingress. The curved blades and upper frame help prevent direct water fall.

Next time you see such a rotating circle on the roof of a factory or warehouse, do not consider it just a strange mechanism. It is an integral part of the building's ventilation system that helps expel hot and stagnant air without using an electric motor, utilizing the power of the wind. Thus, this small rotating element has a very interesting and complex internal mechanism.

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Comparison of the Strength of Round and Square Columns in Construction
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Comparison of the Strength of Round and Square Columns in Construction

When constructing residential buildings, columns and beams play a critically important role in ensuring the structural stability of the house. Typically, square columns are used in home construction, while round columns are rare, except in large mansions, specially designed buildings, or shopping centers.

In most cases for residential construction, square columns are used. This raises the question of whether they are stronger, given their widespread use. However, the answer to this question may be unexpected.

Although most people prefer to build square columns, from the perspective of structural strength, round columns prove to be more reliable compared to square ones. Nevertheless, both types of structures have their own advantages and areas of application that should be examined in more detail.

From an engineering point of view, round columns possess greater strength than square ones. The reason for this preference in mass housing construction lies in other aspects that will be discussed later. Let's first consider the features of round columns.

Round columns are stronger because the load acting from all sides is distributed evenly. They lack corners, which eliminates the concentration of pressure at a single point.

Square columns have four corners, which can become weak points under strong pressure, creating a risk of cracking. A round column, on the other hand, can withstand weight and impacts from any direction uniformly, reducing the probability of bending.

Despite the greater strength of round columns, square ones are more frequently used. The main reason is that it is significantly easier to create formwork (wooden frames), align reinforcement, and maintain alignment for square columns. Round columns require special and expensive molds, as well as a complex manufacturing process.

Furthermore, square columns integrate easily with straight walls in houses and beams, which helps avoid space loss and ensures quality finishing. Although all stress concentrates on the four corners of a square column under heavy load, increasing the risk of its failure, they remain the standard choice.

Round columns are used in areas where they are exposed, such as in the middle of a hall or veranda, as well as where the primary objective is protection against heavy loads and earthquakes. Additionally, they are used in large bridges, high-rise buildings, overpasses, and large-scale commercial projects.

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